Battle of Jinan,a city in the north eastern Chinese province of Shandong experienced the full wrath of Communist guerrillas fell on KMT forces from 16-24 September 1948.The loss of this urban base had the ball rolling for fresh offensive against the KMT. In the battle of Jinan the CPC developed the “Bull Knife Tactics” to attack a key point in thecity,draw out reinforcements and attack it on transit.
In the battle of Shijiazhuang Lin Biao used small teams to attack crucial urban areas and at the sane time mass troops to cordon off the remant or billeted enemy forces.
Huaihai battle November 1948.The Xuzhou HQ of KMT was the strategic target.CPC achieved the objective by encirclement and then using heavy artillery.
Bastar region is an area in the Sukma district of Chattisgarh.The region is at the tri junction of Chattisgarh,Telengana and Odisha is where the maximum number of casualties are inflicted by Naxals.In India the Naxalite movement of 1967 was an armed Maoist formation to capture power by rebellion.The Naxalbari area of North Bengal is 500 sq km area.
In April 2023 the Naxals triggered an IED blast and that incident left ten security personnel dead.
Dantewada district also part of South Bastar region had seen spiraling Naxal violence over the last two decades,although the current decade the violence level in Bastar region is 77 percent less.
The biggest attack on security forces was at Dantewada’s Chintalnar village that led to the death of 76 securityforces.The Maoists also lost several cadres.The incident occurred at Talmetla forest area as the troops were returning from an operation.The ambushed troops had faced a Naxal force of over three hundred and the mine protected vehicles were also targeted.
Chintagufa area of Sukma district witnessed the second largest Naxal attack on security forces on 24th April 2017. The attack carried out by three hundred Naxals left twenty five security personnel dead and several Maoist casualties. Balimela reservoir in Odsha’s Malkangiri district bordering Andhra state saw an ambush by Naxals on Andhra’s elite Greyhound commandos leading to the death of thirty two of them.
Bastar region the epicenter of India’s red terror comprises of seven districts-Kanker,Kondagaon,Narayan pur, Bijapur, Sukma,Dantewada and Bastar.
The bulk of the central Indian population are Adivasi people,who are Scheduled Tribes(ST).They are called “Girijans” or Hill people in Andhra.The Adivasis constituting 10 percent of India’s population(2011 census) are clustered around Central Indian states of Chattisgarh Jharkhand, MP and in Andhra and Odisha.Thd Santhals and Gonds are numerically the majority tribe of the Adivasis.From the time of India’s anti-colpnial freedom struggle,the CPI(Comunist Party of India)had a hold over the Adivasi people and mobilized political action against the British.The CPI and the World Communist movement was split in 1960 as USSR’s Nikita Khurshev leaned towards the West and Mao
Zedong of China followed the radical path.The Indo-China war of 1962 saw a split among Indian Communist movement,with CPI(Marxist)breaking away to toe the China line.In India both CPI and CPI(M)dabbled in parliamentary democracy with CPI(M)had Jyoti Basu as the Chief Minister of West Bengal for fivev terms.The Communist terrain in West Bengal also underwent a change with Charu Majumdar forming the first Maoist movement inside North Bengal’s Naxalbari area in 1967.Later the movement gathered steam inside Andhra and spread to Bastar region through the Andhra CPI(M-L)Peoples’War spread the movement among the Adivasis.In September 2004 Maoist Command Centre(MCC)and CPIM-L)Peoples’War came together a d formed CPI(Maoist)and took the red terror deep inside the Bastar region.
The CPI(M-L)formed in 1969 had to expel Charu Majumdar by early 1970s and his armed struggle without mass mobilization among the peasants,whom the Maoists have described as their support group,cannot sustain the struggle without the absence of mass mobilization and an organization.That spelled doom for Charu Majumdar.
Charu Maju.dar died in custody in 1972,but by then CPIM-L)had Nagi Reddy group in Andhra and Chandra Pulla Reddy group Andhra Pradesh Revolutionary Communist Party,the stronger of the two.
PWG or Peoples’War Group formed in 1980 in Andhra gave a traction to the Maoist movement in Telengana and Andhra.The armed resistance made its way back backed by CP Reddy group.The PWG quickly spread into Warangal,Karimnagar and Godavariregion.
By early 1980s the PWG moved into Bstar and by 1989 it formed the Dandakaranya Adivasi Kisan Mazdoor
Sangathana.This is the beginning of the “Liberated Zone”concept of Maoists. Home to Gond tribes Hadia and Muria sub-tribe Bastar is a place where the PWG found among the peasants an ideal revolutionary group.